Carlson, B. E. (2000). Children exposed to intimate partner violence: Research findings and implications for intervention. Trauma, Violence, and Abuse, 1(4), pp. 321 to 340

·        Children who live with domestic violence face increased risks: the risk of exposure to traumatic events, the risk of neglect, the risk of being directly abused, and the risk of losing one or both of their parents.

Carlson, B. E. (2000). Children exposed to intimate partner violence: Research findings and implications for intervention. Trauma, Violence, and Abuse, 1(4), pp. 321 to 340

·        The U.S. Advisory Board on Child Abuse suggests that domestic violence may be the single major precursor to child abuse and neglect fatalities in the country.

The U.S. Advisory Board on Child Abuse and Neglect, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, A Nation’s Shame: Fatal Child Abuse and Neglect in  the United States: Fifth Report, 1995

·        Boys exposed to domestic violence are twice as likely to grow up to become an abusive adult as boys not exposed to domestic violence.

Strauss, Murry A., Gelles, Richard J., and Smith, Christine. 1990. Physical Violence in American Families: Risk Factors and Adaptations to Violence in 8, 154 Families. New Brunswick: Transaction Publishers

Red Flag Behaviors of ChildrenWho Have Experienced Domestic Violence

1.      Aggression: Attacking others, cruelty to animals, destroying property

2.      Passivity: Avoids conflict, becomes the “perfect child”

3.      Rebelliousness: Challenges authority, skips school, steals, smokes/drinks

4.      Health problems: Headaches, stomachaches, bedwetting, irritable bowels

HIS/BIA Child Protection Handbook, Center on Child Abuse and Neglect, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, 2005.

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